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Sergeant Major of the Army

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Template:Short description Template:For multi Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox official post

The Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA) is a unique non-commissioned rank and position of office in the United States Army. The holder of this rank and position is the most senior enlisted soldier in the Army, unless an enlisted soldier is serving as the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman. The SMA is appointed to serve as a spokesman to address the issues of enlisted soldiers to all officers, from warrant officers and lieutenants to the Army's highest positions. As such, they are the senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Staff of the Army. The exact duties vary depending on the chief of staff, though much of the SMA's time is spent traveling throughout the Army, observing training and talking with soldiers and their families.

Kenneth O. Preston held the rank from 15 January 2004 through 28 February 2011, the only incumbent to serve longer than five years.[1] SMA Michael A. Grinston has held the office since 9 August 2019.[2][3]

While the SMA is a non-commissioned officer, protocol places the SMA higher than all lieutenant generals[4] (except for the Director of the Army Staff) and equivalent to a general for formal courtesies in addition to seating, billeting, transportation, and parking.

History

The rank and position were based on those of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (established in its current incarnation on 23 May 1957).[5] The Chief of Staff of the Army created the position in 1966 after asking leaders of the major commands for a personal recommendation. He asked that it not be considered a near-retirement type assignment. He listed seven duties and functions he expected the Sergeant Major to perform, including service as a personal adviser and assistant on matters pertaining to enlisted soldiers. From 4,700 proposed candidates, 21 nominees were selected. Finally chosen was the only one then serving in Vietnam, Sergeant Major William O. Wooldridge of the 1st Infantry Division.[6]

The other services later followed, creating the positions of Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy and Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force in 1967, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard in 1969, Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman in 2005, and Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force in 2020. These seven positions are collectively referred to as "senior enlisted advisors" ("SEAs").

Insignia

  • SMA insignia timeline
  • 1966–1979

    1966–1979

  • 1979–1994

    1979–1994

  • 1994–2015[7]

    1994–2015[7]

  • 2010–present, green background replaced with dark blue

    2010–present, green background replaced with dark blue

  • 2019–present, tan on olive for use on green service replaced the dark blue as the primary uniform.

    2019–present, tan on olive for use on green service replaced the dark blue as the primary uniform.

The sergeant major of the Army, like counterparts in the other branches, wears a unique rank insignia, including a unique collar insignia ("brass").

The collar insignia of the SMA is the shield portion of the collar insignia of an aide-de-camp to the Army Chief of Staff (less the surmounting eagle), placed upon an enlisted collar disk of gold color, one inch in diameter. The insignia worn by SMA Wooldridge was hand-soldered by Colonel Jasper J. Wilson from the cannibalized insignia and enlisted collar brass of an aide. The insignia was approved on 4 July 1966.[8] Originally, the SMA would wear the device on each collar, but he now wears the standard "U.S." disk on his right collar as do all enlisted soldiers.[9] This insignia is also worn in place of a unit insignia on the SMA's beret, garrison cap, and pull-over sweater.[10] The collar insignia of the senior enlisted advisor to the chairman ("SEAC") of the JCS, approved 2 February 2006, is based directly upon that of the SMA, and features the shield of an aide de camp to the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff (without the surmounting eagle), on a gold-colored disk.

Sergeant Major of the Army cap device

The SMA's cap device, worn on the front of the blue service cap (and, formerly, the white service cap; and, until 2011 the green service cap) is a gold-colored rendering of the United States' coat of arms, surrounded by a wreath.[11] The cap device for all other U.S. Army enlisted soldiers is a gold-colored rendering of the United States' coat of arms on a gold-colored disk (males) or surrounded by a gold colored ring (females).[12] The chief master sergeant of the Air Force has the same cap device as the SMA, but in silver-colored metal.

Positional color

The Sergeant Major of the Army, Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force, Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force, and the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman are the only members of the United States armed forces below the rank of brigadier general/rear admiral, lower half to be authorized a positional color (flag). First considered in 1992,[13] the SMA's color has been authorized since 22 March 1999.[14] It is based on the design of his collar insignia and the positional flag of the Chief of Staff, Army. Like the SEAC's collar brass, the SEAC's positional color was patterned after the SMA's color.

List of Sergeants Major of the Army

Template:Officeholder table start Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table Template:Officeholder table end

Timeline

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:10 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1965 till:2027 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1970 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:1965

Define $now = 2023

Colors = 

 id:sma value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: SMA
 id:time value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9)

Legend = orientation:vertical position:right

LineData = 

 layer:back
 width:0.1
 color:time
 at:1970
 at:1980
 at:1990
 at:2000
 at:2010
 at:2020

BarData = 

 barset:PM
 bar:wooldridge
 bar:dunaway
 bar:copeland
 bar:vanautreve
 bar:bainbridge
 bar:connelly
 bar:morrell
 bar:gates
 bar:kidd
 bar:mckinney
 bar:hall
 bar:tilley
 bar:preston
 bar:chandler
 bar:dailey
 bar:grinston

PlotData= 

 width:6 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
 barset:PM
 bar:wooldridge  from:1966  till:1968  color:sma  text:"Wooldridge"
 bar:dunaway  from:1968  till:1970  color:sma  text:"Dunaway"
 bar:copeland  from:1970  till:1973  color:sma  text:"Copeland"
 bar:vanautreve  from:1973  till:1975  color:sma  text:"Van Autreve"
 bar:bainbridge  from:1975  till:1979  color:sma  text:"Bainbridge"
 bar:connelly  from:1979  till:1983  color:sma  text:"Connelly"
 bar:morrell  from:1983  till:1987  color:sma  text:"Morrell"
 bar:gates  from:1987  till:1991  color:sma  text:"Gates"
 bar:kidd  from:1991  till:1995  color:sma  text:"Kidd"
 bar:mckinney  from:1995  till:1997  color:sma  text:"McKinney"
 bar:hall  from:1997  till:2000  color:sma  text:"Hall"
 bar:tilley  from:2000  till:2004  color:sma  text:"Tilley"
 bar:preston  from:2004  till:2011  color:sma  text:"Preston"
 bar:chandler  from:2011  till:2015  color:sma  text:"Chandler"
 bar:dailey  from:2015  till:2019  color:sma  text:"Dailey"
 bar:grinston  from:2019  till:$now  color:sma  text:"Grinston"

</timeline>

See also

Template:Portal

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Navbox top

Branch of service
 Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap
Army
Flag of the United States Army.svg 		Private
PVT 		Private 2
PV2 		Private first class
PFC 		Template:Nowrap
SPC – CPL 		Sergeant
SGT 		Staff Sergeant
SSG 		Sergeant first class
SFC 		Template:Nowrap
MSG – 1SG¹ 		Template:Nowrap
SGM – CSM 		Template:Nowrap
SMA – SEAC
Marine Corps
Flag of the United States Marine Corps.svg 		Private
Pvt 		Private first class
PFC 		Lance Corporal
LCpl 		Corporal
Cpl 		Sergeant
Sgt 		Staff Sergeant
SSgt 		Gunnery Sergeant
GySgt 		Template:Nowrap
MSgt – 1stSgt¹ 		Template:Nowrap
MGySgt – SgtMaj 		Template:Nowrap
SMMC – SEAC
Navy
Flag of the United States Navy (official).svg 		Seaman recruit
SR 		Seaman apprentice
SA 		Seaman
SN 		Petty Officer Third Class
PO3 		Petty Officer Second Class
PO2 		Petty Officer first class
PO1 		BMC GC.svg
CPO 		Senior Chief Petty Officer Command Senior Chief Petty Officer
SCPO – CMDCS 		Template:Nowrap
MCPO – CMDCM – FORCM, FLTCM 		Template:Nowrap
MCPON – SEAC³
Air Force
Flag of the United States Air Force.svg 		Airman basic
AB 		Airman
Amn 		Airman first class
A1C 		Senior Airman
SrA 		Staff Sergeant
SSgt 		Technical sergeant
TSgt 		Template:Nowrap
MSgt – 1st Sgt¹ 		Template:Nowrap
SMSgt – 1st Sgt¹ 		Template:Nowrap
CMSgt – 1st Sgt¹ – CCM 		Senior Enlisted Advisor for the National Guard Bureau Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
SEANGB – CMSAF – SEAC
Space Force
Flag of the United States Space Force.svg 		Specialist 1
Spc1 		Specialist 2
Spc2 		Specialist 3
Spc3 		Specialist 4
Spc4 		Sergeant
Sgt 		Technical sergeant
TSgt 		Master sergeant
MSgt 		Senior master sergeant
SMSgt 		Template:Nowrap
CMSgt 		Template:Nowrap
CMSSF – SEAC
Coast Guard
Flag of the United States Coast Guard.svg 		Seaman Recruit
SR 		border
SA 		border
SN 		Petty Officer Third Class
PO3 		Petty Officer Second Class
PO2 		Petty Officer first class
PO1 		Chief Petty Officer
CPO 		Senior Chief Petty Officer
SCPO 		Template:Nowrap
MCPO – CMC – DMCPOCG2 		Template:Nowrap
MCPOCG
  1. For the Army and Air Force, first sergeants are temporary and lateral ranks and are senior to their non-diamond counterparts, while Marine Corps first sergeants have no lateral movement within paygrade and is a permanent rank.
  2. The rank insignia is used by other Coast Guard senior enlisted leaders.
  3. The rank insignia for the Navy Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman is pending approval.

Template:Navbox bottom Template:US Army navbox Template:Senior Enlisted Advisor

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Department of the Army A Guide to Protocol and Etiquette for Official Entertainment, 5-4.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Template:Cite book
  9. ↑ Army Regulation 670-1, paras 28-4b, 28-9i(4), 28-10b(32).
  10. ↑ AR 670-1, paras 28-22d(1), 28-22f(3).
  11. ↑ AR 670-1, para 28-3b(3).
  12. ↑ AR 670-1, para 28-3b(4).
  13. ↑ Template:Cite book
  14. ↑ U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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